His choice was Jane Colt, the eldest daughter of a gentleman farmer. The Imperial Ambassador, Eustace Chapuys, suggested two years later that Mary be handed over to Margaret, but Henry refused, calling her "a fool, of no experience". Margaret Tudor, Queen of Scots. He then disappeared into his private closet, and after an hour, came out as cheerful as before. It was during this trip that he began to write Utopia, his most famous work. 1 Through his father he was descended from Edward III's son, Thomas of Woodstock, and his mother was Catherine Woodville, sister of Edward IV's queen, Elizabeth Woodville; she afterwards married Henry VII's uncle, Jasper Tudor, Duke of Bedford. He waited five days before being summoned to the scaffold on Tower Hill. Higginbothams narrative begins with this bungled beheading so either the jacket designer was in the dark about the contents, or someone at her publisher has a mordant sense of humour. Her father, Duke of Clarence and brother to Edward IV, switched sides several times during that long family battle over the crown of England. (We should note, however, that More brilliant and perceptive was never especially comfortable in his kings good graces. Chapuys also communicated with Reginald through his brother, Geoffrey. Then, in good faith, between your grace and me is but this, that I shall die today, and you tomorrow.. Her mother died after giving birth to a fourth child; that brother died ten days after their mother. We can't imagine how Margaret was feeling, she was 65 years of age when brought to the tower in 1539, an advanced age by the standards of the day. Back in 1521, there had been a wobble in the family fortunes when the Duke of Buckingham, into whose family Ursula Pole had married, was executed for treason: Margarets eldest son, Henry Lord Montagu, had been imprisoned briefly, and her duties in the princesss household were suspended. He never explicitly courted controversy, but he felt compelled to answer the reformers such as William Tyndale. Cardinal Wolsey and the king needed no further reason to bring More into the kings service. In fact she was 67. Margaret would have had a claim to the Earldom of Warwick, but the earldom was forfeited on the attainder of her brother Edward.[4]. It was the beginning of a fertile new line. Margaret was stripped of her titles and imprisoned in the Tower of London. After bearing More three daughters (Margaret, Elizabeth, Cicely) and one son (John), Jane died in 1511. The honor was tremendous; notably, More was the first layman to hold the office. European rulers keen to destabilise England had promoted the claims of this plausible, glamorous young man, but by the summer of 1498 he was in the Tower, about to embark on the last act of his mysterious life. This blatant disrespect could not be tolerated and Mores name was included in a Bill of Attainder against Elizabeth Barton, the Holy Maid of Kent, who had prophesized against the kings annulment. The axe hit her shoulder instead of her neck, and she escaped the guards and ran around screaming as the executioner chased her with the axe. They were charged with treason. Based in North Carolina, Higginbotham is a lawyer by background and has written several historical novels, spanning different eras. Mortons tax philosophy was a marvel of inescapable logic: If the subject is seen to live frugally, tell him because he is clearly a money saver of great ability, he can afford to give generously to the King. In 1541, Margaret was executed, protesting that she had not taken part in any conspiracy and proclaiming her innocence. Here is an excerpt from Chapter 7, "Unheard-Of Cruelty", describing the trial and execution of Sir Thomas More. It proved to be another happy marriage, though Mores friends remarked upon Alices sharp tongue and occasionally brusque ways. Reginald was the most interesting and talented of Margarets children, and the one to whom she was not close. In the end, he could not be persuaded. [9] Her youngest son, Geoffrey Pole, married well to Constance, daughter of Edmund Pakenham, and inherited the estate of Lordington in Sussex. Margaret's relationship with Henry VIII, must have been good. EDWARD STAFFORD, THIRD DUKE OF BUCKINGHAM, eldest son of Henry Stafford, second Duke of Buckingham, was born at Brecknock Castle on 3 Feb. 1477-8. There was a feeling in England that a new era had begun. More's trial took place on 1 July. He has been held up to schoolchildren for centuries as the most. Sir Thomas having continued a Prisoner in the Tower somewhere more than a Twelvemonth, for he was committed about the middle of April 1534, and was brought to his Trial on the 7th of May, 1535. he went into the Court leaning on his Staff, because he was much weakened by his Imprisonment, but appeared with a cheerful and composed Countenance. Unfortunately, Cardinal Wolsey was unable to secure an annulment for the king. And while this reasoning worked to replenish the royal treasury for Henry VII, it also provided the second Tudor king with a chance to curry popular favor when he in one of his first acts as Henry VIII imprisoned and later executed Edmund Dudley and Richard Empson, who were Mortons (and his fathers) tax collectors. 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Ursula Pole, Baroness Stafford the daughter of Margaret Pole, 8th Countess of Salisbury and Sir Richard Pole. And the king was now newly enamored of a young noblewoman called Anne Boleyn. Margaret Pole was George Duke of Clarence daughter. Mores letters indicate that he was not particularly keen to enter royal service. She was attended by servants and received an extensive grant of clothing in March 1541. Margaret and her son, Henry, pressed Arthur's widow to take a vow of perpetual chastity to preserve her inheritance for her Pole children. But three years into his reign, the young Henry VIII restored her to the greater part of her revenues and gave her back a family title, creating her Countess of Salisbury in her own right. Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. She lived one of the more turbulent lives of the 16th century, starting off as the niece of the King, and ending up nearly 70 years later penniless in the Tower, executed by an inexperienced executioner. In 1504, More was elected to Parliament and one of his first acts was to oppose Henry VIIs request of a grant of three-fifteenths. Anne was the anointed queen. Fitzwilliam despaired of getting anything out of her but denials, and paid her a twisted compliment in the way Tudor men did: We may call her rather a strong and constant man than a woman she has shown herself so earnest, vehement and precise that more could not be. When he told her that her goods had been seized, she must have known it was the beginning of the end, and seemeth thereat to be somew[hat] appalled, but neither then nor at any later point did she profess anything but loyalty to Henry and regret at her familys folly. Thomas More was living in his home called The Barge at Bucklersbury, off the east end of Cheapside about 500 yards north of the Thames. The skeleton was not complete, but part of the skull had survived, and certain other bones. Henry, the eldest son, though knighted and given the family title Lord Montagu, did not share the general admiration for the king. It is painted on a dateable oak panel, and the dates suit the presumed subject, but the artist is anonymous. His desire for an annulment was now not merely to secure a legitimate heir; it was also spurred by his desire to marry Anne. Margaret, warned of the threat he represented to her own interests and life, said: I trow he is not so unhappy that he will hurt his mother, and yet I care neither for him, nor for any other, for I am true to my Prince., At this point she was questioned rigorously by Henrys councillor William Fitzwilliam. Where is Hans Holbein when you need him? After Henry VIII and then his son Edward VI had died, and Mary I was queen, with the intention to restore England to Roman authority, Reginald Pole was appointed papal legate to England by the Pope. He blindfolded himself and exhorted the assembled crowd to witness his end in the faith and for the faith of the Catholic Church, the kings good servant but Gods first. Even Mores Protestant enemies did not believe him a traitor; his death was almost universally held to be nothing less than martyrdom. It was Mores execution far more than those of Anne Boleyn or Thomas Cromwell or Margaret Pole which established the kings reputation for capricious cruelty. Thick as thieves, More and the king continued to establish a close relationship, with More rising up in the ranks. And so, when More returned from a diplomatic mission to France in summer 1527, the king laid the open Bible before his favorite councilor. When Richard Pole died in 1504 Margaret had had to borrow money to give him a suitable funeral. When Henry gave the nod for the execution to take place, no one was give. With the accession of the young king uxorious, beautiful and benign England seemed to have entered a golden age: and at his coronation, all the spectators, and presumably Margaret Pole with them, with great reverence, love and desire, said and cried: Yea, yea!. Margaret Pole, Tudor Matriarch and Martyr. It was time to be rid of Warwick. Cromwell was an astute politician whose beliefs changed at the whim of his royal master. She was a patron of the New Learning, like many Renaissance noblewomen; Gentian Hervet had translated Erasmus' de immensa misericordia Dei (The Great Mercy of God) into English for her. Lewis, Jone Johnson. Was More surprised by this speech? The eldest daughter of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York, Margaret was the sister of Henry VIII. It was sumptuously furnished and built of brick a modern material but moated, crenellated, archaic in form. Pope Paul III put him in charge of organising assistance for the Pilgrimage of Grace (and related movements). Susan Higginbothams carefully written book comes with a misleading cover puff: At last, a biography of one of the most fascinating women of the Tudor period, who has too long been overlooked. When Henry imposed an oath which recognised him as head of the church in England, the countess and her household complied. Katheryn Howard was fortunate. Her mother, Isabel, daughter of the above-mentioned "King-maker," died 22nd December, 1476, and her father in the Tower nearly two years later. The only people to escape the toxicity of the court were Lina (Stephanie Levi-John) and Oviedo (Aaron Cobham), who decided to seek a new life in the Ottoman Empire. Episode 081 of the Renaissance English History Podcast is an interview with Melita Thomas on Margaret Pole, Countess of Salisbury. The hands are the standard-issue long-fingered type; a black ribbon, added later, may conceal damage to the paint. 28 Little Russell Street On her wrist, emblematic, is a small barrel. Joan (Margaret) Pole ca 1333-Married toThomas Chaworth ca 1331-1373 Paternal grand-parents, uncles and aunts. Mores adolescent years were spent under the reign of Henry VII, the first Tudor king. By Caroline Hallemann Published: Nov 24, 2020 Her daughter Ursula married the Duke of Buckingham's son, Henry Stafford, but after the Duke's fall, the couple were given only fragments of his estates. His crusade against his native land was never launched, but many years later he would return, Archbishop of Canterbury to Mary Tudor, and join in heresy-hunting and the burning of reformers. Margaret was a daughter of George Plantagenet, 1st Duke of Clarence and Isabella Neville. It was Gertrude Courtenay, Marchioness of Exeter, who claimed to be brittle and fragile; one of the most persistent of the aristocratic plotters against Henry, she was in trouble in 1533 for her contacts with Elizabeth Barton, the Nun of Kent, whose florid line in prophecy was discomfiting to the regime. When her husband died in 1505, Margaret became a widow with five children. Chapuys suggested to Emperor Charles V that Reginald marry Mary and combine their dynastic claims. Name: Thomas More. The king financed Richards funeral. Nothing worked. . This was partly due to Mores intellectual prominence; he was perhaps the most famous Englishman on the continent, with a wide and varied correspondence. Their old friendship was past; the kings new advisors were anti-Catholic and pro-Protestant, most notably among them was Thomas Cromwell. When Catherine of Aragon gave birth to a daughter, Mary, Margaret Pole was asked to be one of the godmothers. If Margaret played any part in the downfall of Henrys second queen, her role was so far behind the scenes that it has left no trace. Those two could only get along for short while before things got heated. Unfortunately for More, Henry appointed him Lord Chancellor of England. . Posted By Claire on May 27, 2012. He was no fool; he noted Wolseys great and increasingly ostentatious wealth. Margaret was perhaps guilty only by association, but at this distance it is impossible to tell. But Reginald stayed in Italy through the reign of Anne Boleyn supposedly preparing a learned statement on the kings case. Neither Francis I of France nor the Emperor supported this effort and the English government tried to have Reginald assassinated. How to Be Tudor: Can a King Have Friends. Here's how the cast of The Spanish Princess compares to their real-life counterparts, from Catherine to Margaret Pole. ODNB, "Reginald Pole"; "Geoffrey Pole". Margaret is the main character of Samantha Wilcoxson's 2016 novel, Dwyer, J.G. Following Richard's death in 1504, Margaret no longer had the fortune to support. See me safe up, he told the lieutenant who escorted him, and for my coming down let me shift for myself.. Birth City: London, England. Today we know Sir Thomas More primarily as the author of Utopia, and as one of the more famous martyrs of Henry VIIIs reign. One does not have to share his religious convictions to appreciate his inner strength and noble character. Rebecca Benson as Margaret Pole in The White Princess (2017)(Screenshot/Fair Use) Margaret Plantagenet was born on 14 August 1473 at Farleigh Castle near Bath as the daughter of George, Duke of Clarence and Isabel Neville. The date of the marriage is uncertain; 1487 is likely. [18][19][20][21][22] Margaret was buried in the chapel of St Peter ad Vincula within the Tower of London. Whether the countess was up to this is hard to say, but later the Imperial ambassador was to declare that Mary regarded her as a second mother. Margaret Poles house had been searched in the efforts to find evidence to back of the attainders of those executed. [3], Margaret was born at Farleigh Castle in Somerset, the only surviving daughter of George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence, and his wife Isabel Neville, who was the elder daughter of Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick, and his wife Anne Beauchamp, 16th Countess of Warwick. Allida is tongue-tied with An Impossible Thing to Say by Arya Shahi, in which an Iranian American teen in Arizonafalls in love with the new girl at school, Shakespeare, and rap music while . Her son Arthur joined them, dying young, probably in the sweating sickness epidemic of 1528. Seldom distracted from voicing their headline concerns, her people give each other a lot of information, in unmodulated voices, each time they speak. Biography. In some cases, they conspired against the crown while claiming, if it went badly, that their weak female brains had been addled by male influence, and that fragility and brittleness allowed their trust to be easily abused. Sir Thomas Pole was a member of the aristocracy in England. In 1886, 10 years after . He had been shut up for most of his life and, one later chronicler said, could not discern a goose from a capon. Investigating An Anemometer. I have a feeling that Edward and Thomas had an even closer relationship when their brother Henry was around. Lewis, Jone Johnson. Sir Thomas de la Pole was born circa 1378. Most aristocratic women outlived their husbands, and once a woman was widowed she was able to assert her independence and have a say in her family affairs, while cultivating the trope of the defenceless widow in any dealings with the authorities. Richard III sent the children to Sheriff Hutton Castle in Yorkshire. Stoke was a decisive victory. Margaret, Countess of Salisbury, was born at Farley Castle, near Bath, on 14th August, in or about the year 1473. This is Aalto. In April 1523, he was elected speaker of the House of Commons. Montagu, Exeter, and Margaret were arrested in November 1538. He was a half-cousin of the first Tudor king, Henry VII; Richard Poles mother was a half-sister of, Reginald Pole, a cardinal and papal diplomat, last Roman Catholic Archbishop of Canterbury, Geoffrey Pole, who went into exile in Europe when accused of conspiracy by Henry VIII. He died young (about 1526) having married the heir of Roger Lewknor. Her fiction is stiff and chary, as if she is too constrained by her knowledge of the pitfalls to turn her characters loose in their own lives. And so he was. Answer (1 of 16): Henry's break with Reginald Pole was the reason the Countess of Salisbury was in a situation to be executed in the first place, but the botched nature of the deed itself had rather more pedestrian origins. 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