The leading causes in this stratum were congenital abnormalities, preterm birth complications, and injuries. A recent study conducted in Wolisso district of Ethiopia reported that no deaths occurred amongst mothers who used the ambulance services to reach facilities providing emergency obstetric services [58]. Measuring maternal mortality is difficult in low-income countries because of limited registration of births and deaths [35]. Graham WJ, Ahmed S, Stanton C, Abou-Zahr C, Campbell OM. Privacy The percentage of maternal deaths by causes of death in 2013 are shown in Fig. We would like to acknowledge the Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington for providing access to the country specific GBD study 2013 data. iv. Introduction: In Ethiopia, non-communicable diseases (NCDs) cause 42% of deaths, of which 27% are premature deaths before 70 years of age. Leading causes of death in Singapore 2019 by category Deaths caused by malignant stomach tumor in Spain by gender 2005-2017 Brazil: number of violent deaths of LGBT+ people 2019, by weapon used Int J Equity Health. Most of the previous studies in Ethiopia were based on a single data sources, or sub-national study, or without identifying the causes of maternal mortality [6,7,8, 10, 38]. Family Care International, KEMRI/CDC, ICRW. Popul Health Metr. In the present study, the proportion and trend of NCDs as causes of death increased considerably across the 5 years compared with communicable diseases. More than 50% of all maternal deaths were from just six countries: Ethiopia, India, Nigeria, Pakistan, Afghanistan, ... For instance, though postpartum haemorrhage persisted in being the leading cause of maternal death from 2008 to 2013, in 2014 however, the leading cause of maternal death was hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Google Scholar. http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/194254/1/9789241565141_eng.pdf?ua=1 Accessed 10 Dec 2016. While some progress has been made, according to WHO estimate in 2015, the Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) dropping by 44% worldwide between 1990 and 2015 [3], it remains unacceptably high in developing countries particularly in sub-Sahara African countries [4, 5]. Alam N, Townend J. This includes over 153,000 newborns. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease claimed 3.0 million lives in 2016, while lung cancer (along with trachea and bronchus cancers) caused 1.7 million deaths. Thirdly, it could be attributed from the time period differences between the two estimates. 2007;11(4):395–401. Diarrhea is the leading cause of under-five mortality in Ethiopia, accounting for 23 per cent … Ethiopia is the second most populous country in Africa next to Nigeria with a projected total population of 98 million in 2016 and a total fertility rate of 4.1 children per women [39, 40]. Barriers to providing quality emergency obstetric care in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Healthcare providers’ perspectives on training, referrals and supervision, a mixed methods study. California Privacy Statement, CDC supports Ethiopia’s efforts to reach HIV epidemic control by improving active case-finding, linkage to treatment, viral load testing, and adherence and retention of existing clients on antiretroviral therapy. Maternal death was defined as “the death of a woman while pregnant or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy, irrespective of duration and site of pregnancy from any cause related to or aggravated by the pregnancy and its management, but not from incidental or accidental causes” [43]p98. This suggests that programs that aim to reduce pregnancy amongst young adolescents could reduce the risk of maternal mortality arising from childbirth complications due to gynaecological immaturity and incomplete pelvic growth. The results revealed Ethiopia is below the target of Millennium Development Goals (MGDs) related to MMR. 2016;6(1):010410. Ethiopia has made large-scale healthcare investments to improve child health and survival. Godefay H, Kinsman J, Admasu K, Byass P. Can innovative ambulance transport avert pregnancy-related deaths? The high number of maternal deaths in some areas of the world reflects inequities in access to health services, and highlights the gap between rich and poor. Three levels of training—advanced, intermediate, and frontline—help develop national, regional, and local capabilities to stop diseases at their source. The annual rate of decline by -1.6% (95% UI: -2.8 to -0.3) was far lower than the targeted annual decline (5.5%) to achieve the MDG five goal. Trends of maternal mortality by maternal age, Ethiopia, 1990–2013. More than a third of newborn deaths are due to preterm birth complications, which is the leading cause of death. 2016;133(3):316–9. Ethiopia: Democide, the leading cause of death by the Totalitarian government in Ethiopia continues . The age-adjusted all-cause death rate for whites (683.9 per 100,000) was higher than the age-adjusted rate for Contra Costa residents overall (651.2 per 100,000). Ethiopia: Democide, the leading cause of death by the Totalitarian government in Ethiopia continues HRLHA Urgent Action February 13, 2018 The Human Rights League of the Horn of Africa (HRLHA) condemns… Global, regional, and national age&sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990&2013;2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. The average annual rate of reduction in under-five mortality has accelerated, from 1.8% per annum during 1990 through 2000 to 3.9% in the years 2000-20151. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. NCDs are the leading cause of premature death and disability in Ethiopia accounts for about 42% of deaths, of which 27% are premature deaths before 70 years of age. Similarly, in Ethiopia, maternal mortality is still very high. Admasu K, Haile-Mariam A, Bailey P. Indicators for availability, utilization, and quality of emergency obstetric care in Ethiopia, 2008. In this respect, the roles of Health Extension Workers (HEW) and Women’s Developmental Army (WDA) were vital in terms of organising women’s use of skilled birth attendance by arranging ambulance services and timely referral of labouring mothers to health facilities [59]. Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development: Sustainable Development Knowledge Platform. Understanding maternal mortality from top-down and bottom-up perspectives: Case of Tigray Region. CAS  Modeling causes of death: an integrated approach using CODEm. Reprod Health. WHO. Thaddeus S, Maine D. Too far to walk: maternal mortality in context. Accessed 1 Apr 2016. Federal HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control Office. Causes of maternal mortality in Ethiopia: a significant decline in abortion related death. PubMed Central  International statistical classifi cation of diseases and relatedhealth problems: tenth revision, volume 2. http://www.who.int/classifications/icd/ICD-10_2nd_ed_volume2.pdf In. 2011;8:6. PLoS ONE. Matern Child Health J. The MMR trends observed in 2013 showed that Ethiopia did not achieve the MDG target of reducing MMR to 267 per 100,000LB. Malaria is a leading cause of death and disease in many countries, instead young children and pregnant women are the groups most affected. Maternal mortality is the most sensitive indicator of the health disparities between poorer and richer nations, and for overall development. Soc Sci Med. The higher rate of young adolescents of 10–14 years are dying over the study period could be associated with high prevalence of early marriage and unmet need for family planning services. CSA [Ethiopia] and ORC Macro. Focus areas include improving quality of TB/HIV screening and treatment services, laboratory services, and surveillance systems. Background . The present study has strengths due to use of robust methodology and multiple sources of data that enabled us to see the overtime trends of maternal mortality in Ethiopia. Gaym A. Maternal mortality studies in Ethiopia--magnitude, causes and trends. Kassebaum NJ, Lopez AD, Murray CJL, Lozano R. A comparison of maternal mortality estimates from GBD 2013 and WHO. The maternal mortality ratio in developing countries in 2015 is 239 per 100 000 live births versus 12 per 100 … Estimates by WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, The World Bank and the United Nations Population Division. The model comprises delay in deciding to seek care (delay 1), delay in reaching the health facility (delay 2), and delay in receiving quality care once at the health facility (delay 3). Addis Ababa; Federal HAPCO; 2001. Google Scholar. Kassebaum NJ, Steiner C, Murray CJL, et al. In 2013, there were 237 maternal deaths per 100,000 LB during postpartum period while the MMR during antepartum, intrapartum and late periods were 126, 88, and 46 per 100,000LB respectively (Fig. There are strong links between sanitation and stunting, and open defecation can lead to fecal-oral diseases such as diarrhea, which can cause and worsen malnutrition. Lancet. Google Scholar. Global, regional, and national levels of maternal mortality, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. This infection accounts for 10 percent of deaths each year. The death attributed to HIV infection was higher between 1995 and 2005 but later it significantly declined (Fig. CDC provides technical and programmatic expertise to meet national immunization goals and international resolutions to eradicate polio, eliminate measles, and strengthen the national routine immunization program in Ethiopia. The difference between the GBD 2013 estimate and the WHO estimate was due to several reasons [47]. PubMed  Addis Ababa October 15/2018 Cervical cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths among women in Ethiopia, a microbiologist from Mekele University said. 2015 World Population Data Sheet with a special focus on women’s empowerment http://www.prb.org/pdf15/2015-world-population-data-sheet_eng.pdf. BACKGROUND: Neonatal deaths now account for 47% of all deaths in children younger than 5 years globally. In 2013, the top five causes of maternal mortality included other direct maternal causes such as anaesthesia, embolism (air, amniotic fluid, and blood clot), and the condition of peripartum cardiomyopathy, complications of abortions, maternal haemorrhage, hypertensive disorders, and maternal sepsis and other maternal infections such as Influenza, malaria, tuberculosis and hepatitis. Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of death for people living with HIV. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. Yaya Y, Lindtjorn B. Ethiopia has one of the world’s highest rates of maternal deaths and disabilities in the world. The differences with the present findings and studies in northern and southwest Ethiopia might be due to the differences in the sample size of study population and the sources of data, and maternal mortality estimation methodology. The first approach involves identifying covariates for each cause which are The leading causes of death in Croatia are ischemic heart disease, stroke, Alzheimer's, and lung cancer. This framework aims to guide African countries on how to implement the Global Technical Strategy for malaria in the Region. Trends in Maternal Mortality: 1990 – 2015. Almost all maternal deaths (99%) occur in developing countries. Malaria is still the leading cause of health problem in the country. Renewed focus will be given to scaling-up TB preventive therapy, with the goal of reaching 90% coverage and completion rates among people living with HIV who are enrolled in care. The trend in the last 23 years revealed that the contribution of obstructed labour followed similar pace. Factors affecting utilization of skilled maternal care in Northwest Ethiopia: a multilevel analysis. Diarrheal diseases account for 1 in 9 child deaths worldwide, making diarrhea the second leading cause of death among children under the age of 5. Part of 5). Lancet. However, the study had some limitations. 2013;51(3):169–76. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. Death due to tuberculosis still remains high among people living with HIV, however the number of deaths is decreasing. Cancer was the leading cause of death among whites in the county, accounting for one-quarter (25.3%) of all deaths in this group. ii. Leading causes of death in Singapore 2019 by category Deaths caused by malignant stomach tumor in Spain by gender 2005-2017 Brazil: number of … 2014: http://www.who.int/pmnch/media/news/2014/technical_brief.pdf. In the study, nine covariates that included age-specific fertility rate, total fertility rate, age-standardised HIV death rate for female individuals aged 15–49 years, neonatal death rate, lag-distributed gross domestic product (GDP) per person, proportion of deliveries occurring in facilities, proportion of deliveries attended by skilled birth attendants, coverage of four antenatal care visits, and malnutrition in children younger than 5 years (proxy for adult nutritional status) were undertaken based on their potential associations with maternal mortality [5]. The leading risk factor in Ethiopia is childhood underweight. 2015;5(1):010404. 2014;14:161. Addis Ababa: UNFPA; 2012. A total of 939,520 people died in Germany in 2019, of whom 465,885 were men and 473,635 women. Ronsmans C, Chowdhury ME, Dasgupta SK, Ahmed A, Koblinsky M. Effect of parent's death on child survival in rural Bangladesh: a cohort study. One-year operational assessment in Ethiopia. Detail description of CODEm is reported elsewhere [44, 45]. In the GBD study, the CODEm model was employed to group the covariate and enable computation. Percentage of maternal deaths by causes of maternal mortality in Ethiopia in 2013. 2014;24(Suppl):15–28. As in the previous years, the most common cause of death in 2019 was cardiovascular disease. In Ethiopia, the majority of deaths occur at home and civil registration systems are not yet functional. Addis Ababa; CSA [Ethiopia]; 2014. Article  The major causes of maternal deaths in Ethiopia are those observed in other developing countries: infection, hemorrhage, obstructed labor, abortion, and hypertension during pregnancy. Maternal health has become one of the major public health concerns for developing countries following the first safe motherhood conference held in Kenya in 1987 [1]. BMC Res Notes. Focus … [www.afro.who.int/en/ethiopia/country-programmes/topics/4479-maternal-death-surveillance-andresponse.html] In: WHO Regional Office for Africa. CDC also supports the Ethiopia Public Health Institute to strengthen disease detection and response functions and to implement an integrated strategic plan for the nation’s laboratories. For instance, while the GBD 2013 estimate employed several sources of data, the studies in the northern and southwest Ethiopia were solely based on verbal autopsy. In Italy, the fourth leading cause of death among men between the ages of 25 and 44 years and among Swiss women and men aged 25 to 44 years [19–21]. As of September 2018, more than 466,604 men, women, and children were receiving life-saving antiretroviral treatment (ART). 2014;384(9961):2209–10. Multilevel modeling of Ethiopian National Demographic and Health Survey data. FETPs train a workforce of field epidemiologists, —or disease detectives—to identify and contain outbreaks before they become epidemics. Most of the maternal mortality occurred during the postpartum period and majority of the deaths occurred at the age groups of 20–25 and 25–29 years in 2013. Anderson FW, Morton SU, Naik S, Gebrian B. Maternal mortality and the consequences on infant and child survival in rural Haiti. Participants focus on “learning by doing” to develop the skills for gathering critical data and turning it into evidence-based action. Pneumonia is the most serious outcome of acute respiratory infection (ARI) and kills more children than any other infectious disease, claiming the lives of over 800,000 children under five every year, or around 2,200 every day. Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey 2011. 4). CDC partners with Ethiopia on comprehensive HIV treatment and prevention, TB/HIV co-infection, and laboratory systems. Worku AG, Yalew AW, Afework MF. While malnutrition is the leading cause of the high mortality, suspected measles is compounding the problem. Trends in Maternal Healthin Ethiopia: Challenges in achieving the MDG for maternal mortalityIndepth Analysisof the EDHS 2000-2011. Since 2006, CDC has worked with the ministry of health to establish TB/HIV programs, now in almost 1,000 health facilities. Accessed 1 Apr 2016. Maternal mortality is noticeably high in sub-Saharan African countries including Ethiopia. Baltimore: Jhpiego; 2011. 2014;384(9947):980–1004. Under the U.S. President’s Malaria Initiative, a CDC resident advisor has been assigned to Ethiopia to support the implementation of malaria … 2015;12 Suppl 1:S6. The major and direct causes of newborn deaths are; infection 36%, intra-partum related complications (birth asphyxia) 25%, and prematurity 17% (CBNC Implementation Guideline, FMoH 2013). Why do women not deliver in health facilities: a qualitative study of the community perspectives in south central Ethiopia? In today’s globally connected world, disease threats can spread faster and more unpredictably than ever before. Deaths occurred between 42 days and the first year were taken as late maternal death. Non-communicable diseases are the leading causes of death globally, killing more people each year than all competing causes combined . Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey 2005. Tsegay Y, Gebrehiwot T, Goicolea I, Edin K, Lemma H, Sebastian MS. Determinants of antenatal and delivery care utilization in Tigray region, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. Naghavi MWH, Vos T, et al. The effects of maternal mortality also have impacts on children and remaining families [11,12,13,14,15]. Spatio-temporal Gaussian Process Regression (ST-GPR) was applied to generate best estimates of maternal mortality with 95% Uncertainty Intervals (UI). Tessema, G.A., Laurence, C.O., Melaku, Y.A. STATISTICS ON CAUSES OF DEATH, MALAYSIA, 2018 i. On average, Ethiopian children suffer from four to eight infections each year. Lancet. © 2021 BioMed Central Ltd unless otherwise stated. Say L, Chou D, Gemmill A, Tunçalp Ö, Moller A-B, Daniels J, Gülmezoglu AM, Temmerman M, Alkema L. Global causes of maternal death: a WHO systematic analysis. Yet one child dies every 20 seconds from a disease that could have been prevented by a vaccine. CDC twenty four seven. CDC helped to build laboratory capacity to test human and animal samples and support surveillance system improvements. 2009;47(2):95–108. Melaku YA, Weldearegawi B, Tesfay FH, Abera SF, Abraham L, Aregay A, Ashebir Y, Eshetu F, Haile A, Lakew Y, et al. The main cause of maternal death was eclampsia and its complications (28.2%). 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