What follows is part of my book review of Lucretius II: An Ethics of Motion.. Drawing upon this materialist philosophy, Lucretius cites the fear of death as the cause of man's ills, and shows the way to freedom from that fear. In the poem/book, Lucretius takes on the task of persuading people that they should not fear death. [84][85] Additionally, Pliny the Elder lists Lucretius (presumably referring to his De rerum natura) as a source at the beginning of his Naturalis Historia, and Seneca the Younger quoted six passages from De rerum natura across several of his works. In both this work, and as well as his more well-known Etymologiae (c. AD 600–625), Isidore liberally quotes from Lucretius a total of twelve times, drawing verses from all of Lucretius's books except his third. Lucretius divided his argument into six The first school softens Epicurus' con-demnation of poetry. However, the purpose of the poem is subject to ongoing scholarly debate. Lucretius's task was to clearly state and fully develop these views in an attractive form; his work was an attempt to show through poetry that everything in nature can be explained by natural laws, without the need for the intervention of divine beings. Poetry, on the other hand, is like honey, in that it is a "a sweetener that sugarcoats the bitter medicine of Epicurean philosophy and entices the audience to swallow it. De rerum natura is the natural description of Lucretius' argument, since it is the seal Lucretius fixed upon the poem himself4. Lucretius, translated by Martin Ferguson Smith, http://wiki.epicurism.info/De_rerum_natura. De Rerum Natura by CARUS, Titus Lucretius. From Epicurus Wiki. [5][64][65] According to David Sedley of the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, "With these admiring words, Virgil neatly encapsulates four dominant themes of the poem—universal causal explanation, leading to elimination of the threats the world seems to pose, a vindication of free will, and disproof of the soul's survival after death. DE RERUM NATURA I There is, it may confidently be said, some consensus about the del?ree to which central doctrines of Epicurean physics are embodled in Book I of de rerum natural). W. E. Leonard and Smith Lucretius (University of Wisconsin Press 1942); Richard Minadeo, The Lyre of Science: Form and Meaning in Lucretius' de rerum natura (Detroit: Wayne State University Press 1969). Lucretius then dedicates time to exploring the axiom that nothing can be produced from nothing, and that nothing can be reduced to nothing (Nil fieri ex nihilo, in nihilum nil posse reverti). Nothing … De Rerum Natura, the great didactic poem by philosopher and poet Lucretius, is presented here complete in the author's original Latin. In the time before your birth, you did not e… Lucretius attempts to allow for free will in his physicalistic universe by postulating an indeterministic tendency for atoms to veer randomly (Latin: clinamen, literally "the turning aside of a thing", but often translated as "the swerve"). This wrath was supposed to be displayed by the misfortunes inflicted in this life and by the everlasting tortures that were the lot of the guilty in a future state (or, where these feelings were not strongly developed, from a vague dread of gloom and misery after death). [59][60] This proves that the work was known in select circles long before the official rediscovery by Poggio. The first three books provide a fundamental account of being and nothingness, matter and space, the atoms and their movement, the infinity of the universe both as regards time and space, the regularity of reproduction (no prodigies, everything in its proper habitat), the nature of mind (animus, directing thought) and spirit (anima, sentience) as material bodily entities, and their mortality, since, according to Lucretius, they and their functions (consciousness, pain) end with the bodies that contain them and with which they are interwoven. 1st century AD), whose didactic poem Astronomica (written c. AD 10–20), alludes to De rerum natura in a number of places. If Lucretius's poem were to be definitely placed at the Villa of the Papyri, it would suggest that it was studied by the Neapolitan Epicurean school. It has been suggested that Dante (1265–1321) might have read Lucretius's poem, as a few verses of his Divine Comedy exhibit a great affinity with De rerum natura, but there is no conclusive evidence that Dante ever read Lucretius. The idea of atoms, the infinite universe and the plurality of worlds, and that mechanical cause and effect lies behind every natural phenomenon -- all this was expressed here. Mourners, the elderly, Nature and Memmius raise their voices to debate the issue of mortality. Lucretius:De rerum natura, pp.6-7.Titus Lucretius Carrus (Latin Titus Lucretius Carus) was born around 98-94 BC and died around 55-53 BC Was a Roman poet and the his known work is the extensive philosophical poem De Rerum Natura, ("On the nature of things"), with 7,415 verses epicurean theme. The first three books provide a fundamental account of being and nothingness, matter and space, the atoms and their movement, the infinity of the universe both as regards time and space, the regularity of reproduction (no prodigies, everything in its proper habitat), the nature of mind (animus, directing thought) and spirit (anima, sentience) as material bodily entities, and their mortality, since, according to Lucretius, they and their fu… [50] Today, Q is also housed at Leiden University. [57] Rather, all the remaining Lucretian manuscripts that are currently extant date from or after the fifteenth century. quare etiam atque etiam mentis naturam animaeque scire licet perquam pauxillis esse creatam seminibus, quoniam fugiens nil ponderis aufert. was isolated from contemporary literature and even anything post-Epicurus, most studies now agree 7 Fowler î, : The celebrated opposition between philosophy and poetry in the De rerum natura can to an extant be rephrased in terms of an opposition between the differing reading practices of two interpretative communities. "[89], After Lactantius's time, Lucretius was almost exclusively referenced or alluded to in a negative manner by the Church Fathers. [1][38] According to Lucretius, this unpredictable swerve occurs at no fixed place or time: When atoms move straight down through the void by their own weight, they deflect a bit in space at a quite uncertain time and in uncertain places, just enough that you could say that their motion has changed. [66] What is more, Manilius also seems to suggest throughout this poem that his work is superior to that of Lucretius's. The poem consists of six untitled books, in dactylic hexameter. [1], The Italian scholar Guido Billanovich demonstrated that Lucretius' poem was well known in its entirety by Lovato Lovati (1241–1309) and some other Paduan pre-humanists during the thirteenth century. De Rerum Natura is Lucretius's majestic elaboration of Greek Epicurean physics and psychology in an epic that unfolds over the course of six books. [47] The oldest—and, according to David Butterfield, most famous—of these is the Codex Oblongus, often called O. Lucretius’ Reception of Epicurus: De Rerum Natura as a Conversion Narrative . [94], Notable figures who owned copies include Ben Jonson whose copy is held at the Houghton Library, Harvard; and Thomas Jefferson, who owned at least five Latin editions and English, Italian and French translations. De Rerum Natura was a poem written in the 1st century BC outlining the tenets of Epicureanism, a philosophical school founded by Epicurus (c. 341-c. 271 BC) 2. 20 20. In the work, Greenblatt argues that Poggio Bracciolini's discovery of De rerum natura reintroduced important ideas that sparked the modern age. Many of the scrolls unearthed at … Drawing upon this materialist philosophy, Lucretius cites the fear of death as the cause of man's ills, and shows the way to freedom from that fear. [68] (Coincidentally, De rerum natura and the Astronomica were both rediscovered by Poggio Bracciolini in the early 15th century. Epicurus thus made it his mission to remove these fears, and thus to establish tranquility in the minds of his readers. The title of Lucretius’s work translates that of the chief work of Epicurus, Peri physeōs (On Nature). [3], In the third book, the general concepts proposed thus far are applied to demonstrate that the vital and intellectual principles, the Anima and Animus, are as much a part of us as are our limbs and members, but like those limbs and members have no distinct and independent existence, and that hence soul and body live and perish together; the book concludes by arguing that the fear of death is a folly, as death merely extinguishes all feeling—both the good and the bad. [1] Namely, Lucretius explores the principles of atomism; the nature of the mind and soul; explanations of sensation and thought; the development of the world and its phenomena; and explains a variety of celestial and terrestrial phenomena. For instance, Diskin Clay sees Venus as a poetic substitute for sex, and Bonnie Catto sees the invocation of the name as a metonym for the "creative process of natura". On the Nature of Things (De Rerum Natura) by Titus Lucretius Carus (c. 99 - c. 55 BCE) This abridged presentation of Lucretius' famous six-book poem on nature focuses mostly on those passages essential to Epicureanism based on translations by Sisson and Rouse. quo magis aeternum da dictis, diva, leporem. Ball of 100 g * = approx . [59], The first printed edition of De rerum natura was produced in Brescia, Lombardy, in 1473. On the Nature of Things, long poem written in Latin as De rerum natura by Lucretius that sets forth the physical theory of the Greek philosopher Epicurus. He is the author of the great didactic poem in hexameters, De Rerum Natura (On the Nature of Things). The De rerum natura is, as its title confirms, a work ofphysics, written in the venerable tradition of Greek treatises Onnature. Everything, he says, can be explained by natural laws, not by superstition or the intervention of over-active gods. At a moment in history when God is said to participate in world politics, the pungent ode to nature De rerum natura, composed by the Roman poet Titus Lucretius Carus, can provide a dose of sanity.What the atomist Epicurus called ataraxia—the tranquility of mind achieved when one is freed from the fear of occult controllers—Lucretius transformed into a prophetic materialism. quo magis aeternum da dictis, diva, leporem. This sumptuous account of a secular cosmos argues that the soul is mortal, that pleasure is the object of life, and that humanity has free will, among other ideas. [45] Nevertheless, a small minority of scholars argue that Jerome's assertion may be credible. The shape of these atoms, their properties, their movements, the laws under which they enter into combination and assume forms and qualities appreciable by the senses, with other preliminary matters on their nature and affections, together with a refutation of objections and opposing hypotheses, occupy the first two books. September 27, 2015 September 27, 2015 ~ sententiaeantiquae “I follow you who first could raise so clear a light to illuminate in so great a darkness the best parts of life, the glory of the Greek people; and I place my feet "De Rerum Natura" (On the Nature of the Universe), Lucretius's only work, written in six books, expounds the philosophy of Epicurus. "[16][17] (Of note, Lucretius repeats these 25 lines, almost verbatim, in the introduction to the fourth book. Since that nothingness (which he likens to a deep, peaceful sleep) caused us no pain or discomfort, we should not fear the same nothingness that will follow our own demise:[5], According to the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Lucretius sees those who fear death as embracing the fallacious assumption that they will be present in some sense "to regret and bewail [their] own non-existence. [11][12] Stearns suggests that this is because Memmius reneged on a promise to pay for a new school to be built on the site of the old Epicurean school. Book 3 of De Rerum Natura ends with a series of dramatic voices unparallelled anywhere in Lucretius (lines 894-1094). Apart from Lucretius’s poem almost nothing is known about him. , ). As a devout follower of Epicureanism, Lucretius claims to adherefaithfully to EpicurusÕ teachings. This work contains the analysis of the Eulogies on Epicurus in the books I, III and VI, besides the Preface of the book V, in search of the features that define what can be called "the wise ... De rerum natura basándose en los códices Leidenses, sustituyendo así a la copia de Poggio . Epicurus freely admitted that this method is insufficient to establish answers to all questions, but he stressed that it was sufficient to eliminate the false contentions of the priests and the Platonic philosophers. [71][72] David Butterfield also writes that "clear echoes and/or responses" to De rerum natura can be detected in the works of the Roman elegiac poets Catullus, Propertius, and Tibullus, as well as the lyric poet Horace. Thus, although the poem is announced as De rerum natura in none of the MSS, it proclaims itself as such (I.25), and by signaling its argument as de rerum natura it aligns itself directly with Empedocles, Epicurus, (Redirected from De Rerum Natura) Jump to: navigation, search. The two traditional axioms from which Lucretius takes his start (principium): nihil e nihilo gigni and nihil ad nihilum redire (vv. Vertaling: Marguerite Prakke. The six-book epic poem is addressed to Memmius, Lucretius' patron, and devoted to illustrating the world-view of Epicurus. The soul dies with the body. To do this, Epicurus invoked the atomism of Democritus to demonstrate that the material universe was formed not by a Supreme Being, but by the mixing of elemental particles that had existed from all eternity governed by certain simple laws. In the end this is where the real brilliance and originality of Lucretius lies: not in Homer or Epicurus but in their perverse and twisted entanglement. [73], In regards to prose writers, a number either quote from Lucretius's poem or express great admiration for De rerum natura, including: Vitruvius (in De Architectura),[74][75] Marcus Velleius Paterculus (in the Historiae Romanae),[75][76] Quintilian (in the Institutio Oratoria),[71][77] Tacitus (in the Dialogus de oratoribus),[71][78] Marcus Cornelius Fronto (in De eloquentia),[79][80] Cornelius Nepos (in the Life Of Atticus),[75][81] Apuleius (in De Deo Socratis),[82][83] and Gaius Julius Hyginus (in the Fabulae). )[92], Montaigne owned a Latin edition published in Paris, in 1563, by Denis Lambin which he heavily annotated. Daar-in behandelt hij de filosofie van de twee eeuwen eerder levende Griekse wijsgeer Epicurus. GAUGE ( 10 x 10 cm or 4 inches of st st) 19 sts x 26 rows, with 4 mm needles 18 sts x 25 rows, with 4,5 mm needles An icon used to represent a menu that can be toggled by interacting with this icon. St. Jerome, writing more than four hundred years after Lucretius’ death, makes the sensational statement that the … [90][91] (About a century later, the British historian and Doctor of the Church Bede produced a work also called De natura rerum, partly based on Isidore's work but apparently ignorant of Lucretius's poem. Titus Lucretius CARUS (c. 99 BCE - 55 BCE) An exposition of Epicurus atomic theory and the ethical tenets based upon it. Zumindest deutet sein … (Summary by bropops4) Archived from iTunes at https://itunes.apple. De rerum natura(English: On the Nature of Things) is the only known work of Lucretius. Iff. [34] For instance, when considering the reason for stellar movements, Lucretius provides two possible explanations: that the sky itself rotates, or that the sky as a whole is stationary while constellations move. Lucretius, in full Titus Lucretius Carus, (flourished 1st century bce), Latin poet and philosopher known for his single, long poem, De rerum natura (On the Nature of Things).The poem is the fullest extant statement of the physical theory of the Greek philosopher Epicurus.It also alludes to his ethical and logical doctrines.. Life. On the Nature of Things (De Rerum Natura) by Titus Lucretius Carus (c. 99 - c. 55 BCE) This abridged presentation of Lucretius' famous six-book poem on nature focuses mostly on those passages essential to Epicureanism based on translations by Sisson and Rouse. [46], Copies of the poem were preserved in a number of medieval libraries, with the earliest extant manuscripts dating to the ninth century. [5] To further alleviate the fear of non-existence, Lucretius makes use of the symmetry argument: he argues that the eternal oblivion awaiting all humans after death is exactly the same as the infinite nothingness that preceded our birth. The six-book epic poem is addressed to Memmius, Lucretius' patron, and devoted to illustrating the world-view of Epicurus. [61], The earliest recorded critique of Lucretius's work is in a letter written by the Roman statesman Cicero to his brother Quintus, in which the former claims that Lucretius's poetry is "full of inspired brilliance, but also of great artistry" (Lucreti poemata, ut scribis, ita sunt, multis luminibus ingeni, multae tamen artis). Metadata Show full item record. [93] His Essays contain almost a hundred quotes from De rerum natura. [49] The second of these ninth-century manuscripts is the Codex Quadratus, often called Q. For the documentary television series, see, Lucretius was quoted by several early Christian writers, including, List of English translations of De rerum natura, "Hortus Apertus – La fortuna – Dante e Lucrezio", "Gian Francesco Poggio Bracciolini" (2013), "The 2012 Pulitzer Prize Winners: General Nonfiction", "2011 National Book Award Winner, Nonfiction", "An Unearthed Treasure That Changed Things", "The Answer Man: An Ancient Poem Was Rediscovered—and the World Swerved", "Book review: 'The Swerve: How the World Became Modern, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=De_rerum_natura&oldid=1000068978, Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images, Articles with Latin-language sources (la), Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WorldCat-VIAF identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 13 January 2021, at 11:49. In his massive poem De Rerum Natura Lucretius wrote lots of fancy words in order to draw Romans to Epicureanism, since Epicurus was only really famous in Greece at the time. "[5], Lucretius was almost certainly read by the imperial poet Marcus Manilius (fl. In this paper, I argue that 1) Lucretius uses the cyclical structure to highlight the philosophy presented by Nature personified in Book III, 2) the content of Nature’s speech Jahrhundert v. Chr. ... for instance, a century before De rerum natura was rediscovered, men like William of Ockam and Francis Bacon were already applying scientific methods to the natural world. Lucretius regarded him as the spiritual savior of mankind. This method of evaluating reality was the Epicurean key to avoiding the errors of religion and of the false philosophers. Lucretius was re-discovered at an opportune moment. [55][56], While there exist a handful of references to Lucretius in Romance and Germanic sources dating between the ninth and fifteenth centuries (references that, according to Ada Palmer, "indicate a tenacious, if spotty knowledge of the poet and some knowledge of [his] poem"), no manuscripts of De rerum natura currently survive from this span of time. Drawing on the atomism theory of Democritus, dating over 400 years prior to his masterwork, Lucretius main aim with his poem is to … This introduces a detailed description of the great pestilence that devastated Athens during the Peloponnesian War. If the latter is true, Lucretius, notes, this is because: "either swift currents of ether whirl round and round and roll their fires at large across the nocturnal regions of the sky"; "an external current of air from some other quarter may whirl them along in their course"; or "they may swim of their own accord, each responsive to the call of its own food, and feed their fiery bodies in the broad pastures of the sky". Westerink. in insula Samo, mortuus Athenis 271 aut 270 a.C.n.) An exposition of Epicurus atomic theory and the ethical tenets based upon it. A Cyclical Cosmos: The Female in Lucretius’ De Rerum Natura Abstract This essay concerns the role of the female gender in Lucretius’ epic poem, the De Rerum Natura. With this episode, the book closes; this abrupt ending suggests that Lucretius might have died before he was able to finalize and fully edit his poem.[3]. (De Rerum Natura) Summary by Michael McGoodwin, prepared 1997. THE PROOEMIA OF DE RERUM NATURA 347 Lucretius' devotion to Epicurus, or by seek-ing a solution in the text of Lucretius. De Rerum Natura is Lucretius's majestic elaboration of Greek Epicurean physics and psychology in an epic that unfolds over the course of six books. Drawing upon this materialist philosophy, Lucretius cites the fear of death as the cause of man's ills, and shows the way to freedom from that fear. Epicurus was a very serious person and his work, now lost, may have been hard going. Next, the poet sets forth the atomic theory of Epicurus (derived from Democritus). The Epicurean stance on love (and, broadly speaking, other sensual desires), as embodied by Epicurus, can be found in Book IV of Lucretius’ De Rerum Natura… [23] However, at that time the label was extremely broad and did not necessarily mean a denial of divine entities (for example, some large Christian sects labelled dissenting groups as atheists). in 1898, but in the-I fear- numerous places, where I have since altered my opinion, I have taken what I now believeto be the right reading or the belt suggestion and added the warning of a foot-note. He argued that the deities (whose existence he did not deny) lived forevermore in the enjoyment of absolute peace—strangers to all the passions, desires, and fears, which affect humans—and totally indifferent to the world and its inhabitants, unmoved alike by their virtues and their crimes. (Summary by bropops4) [101][102], "On the Nature of Things" redirects here. On the Nature of Things (De Rerum Natura) by Titus Lucretius Carus (c. 99 - c. 55 BCE) Excerpts from Books I and II. propterea neque detractum de pondere quicquam, 225 ni mirum quia multa minutaque semina sucos efficiunt et odorem in toto corpore rerum. geboren Romeinse dichter Lu-cretius is niet veel meer bekend dan dat hij het leerdicht, De Re-rum Natura, Over de Natuur van de Dingen, heeft geschreven. Readers have always acknowledged the comparatively clear macrostructure of De rerum natura 3. 5) In Bailey'searlier book, The GreekAtomists and Epicurus (Oxford 1928) 278 H., Of all the great Latin writers, we know least about Titus Lucretius Carus, author of the philosophical poem On the Nature of Things (De Rerum Natura). Epicurus (Graece Ἐπίκουρος; natus 342 aut 341 a.C.n. Titus Lucretius Carus (died mid to late 50s BCE) was an Epicurean poet of the late Roman republican era. He is the author of the great didactic poem in hexameters, De Rerum Natura (On the Nature of Things). Titus Lucretius Carus ( 99 v.Chr. According to Lucretius's frequent statements in his poem, the main purpose of the work was to free Gaius Memmius's mind of the supernatural and the fear of death—and to induct him into a state of ataraxia by expounding the philosophical system of Epicurus, whom Lucretius glorifies as the hero of his epic poem. De Rerum Natura. De rerum natura - Epicurus Wiki. [24] What is more, Lucretius does not deny the existence of deities;[25][26] he simply argues that they did not create the universe, that they do not care about human affairs, and that they do not intervene in the world. [95] His influence is especially notable in the work of the Spanish-American philosopher George Santayana, who praised Lucretius—along with Dante and Goethe—in his book Three Philosophical Poets,[96] although he openly admired the poet's system of physics more so than his spiritual musings (referring to the latter as "fumbling, timid and sad"). On the Nature of Things (De Rerum Natura) by Titus Lucretius Carus (c. 99 - c. 55 BCE) This abridged presentation of Lucretius' famous six-book poemon nature focuses mostly on those passages essential to Epicureanism based on translations by Sisson and Rouse. It begins with a prooemium in which is described the terrifying impact which the fear of death has on human lives, as well as the fact that Epicurus has provided a cure against this fear, namely his physical doctrines (1–93). Once Poggio delivered De rerum natura from its monastery prison, the beauty of the poem and the power of its ideas did their work. Epicureanism grew to be one of the major philosophical schools, declining in popularity from the 2nd century on. [5] In response, many scholars argue that the poet uses Venus poetically as a metonym. [22], After the poem was rediscovered and made its rounds across Europe and beyond, numerous thinkers began to see Lucretius's Epicureanism as a "threat synonymous with atheism. [3], The fourth book is devoted to the theory of the senses, sight, hearing, taste, smell, of sleep and of dreams, ending with a disquisition upon love and sex. ‎De Rerum Natura, the great didactic poem by philosopher and poet Lucretius, is presented here complete in the author's original Latin. [98][99][100] The book was well-received, and later earned the 2012 Pulitzer Prize for General Non-Fiction and the 2011 National Book Award for Nonfiction. [13][14], There is a certain irony to the poem, namely that while Lucretius extols the virtue of the Epicurean school of thought, Epicurus himself had advised his acolytes from penning poetry because he believed it to make that which was simple overly complicated. "[23] Some Christian apologists viewed De rerum natura as an atheist manifesto and a dangerous foil to be thwarted. The entire proem is also written in the format of a hymn, recalling other early literary works, texts, and hymns and in particular the Homeric Hymn to Aphrodite. 10 De Rerum Natura 3.820–1; Epicurus, , Kuriai Doxai 2; Cicero, De Finibus 2.100. TITVS LVCRETIVS CARVS (c. 94 – c. 49 B.C.) - 15 oktober 55 v.Chr.) [1], Machiavelli made a copy early in his life. Die spärlichen Angaben stammen großteils aus späten Quellen und sind widersprüchlich und zum Teil wenig glaubwürdig. [5], The oldest purported fragments of De rerum natura were published by K. Kleve in 1989 and consist of sixteen fragments. Lucretius’ Reception of Epicurus: De Rerum Natura as a Conversion Narrative . [31][32], Thus, he began his discussion by claiming that he would, explain by what forces nature steers the courses of the Sun and the journeyings of the Moon, so that we shall not suppose that they run their yearly races between heaven and earth of their own free will [i.e., are gods themselves] or that they are rolled round in furtherance of some divine plan....[33], However, when he set out to put this plan into practice, he limited himself to showing how one, or several different, naturalistic accounts could explain certain natural phenomena. [97], In 2011, the historian and literary scholar Stephen Greenblatt wrote a popular history book about the poem, entitled The Swerve: How the World Became Modern. [28][29] She qualifies her use of this term, cautioning that it is not to be used to say that Lucretius was himself an atheist in the modern sense of the word, nor that atheism is a teleological necessity, but rather that many of his ideas were taken up by 19th, 20th, and 21st century atheists. [23] Regardless, due to the ideas espoused in the poem, much of Lucretius's work was seen by many as direct a challenge to theistic, Christian belief. Lucretius opens his poem by addressing Venus not only as the mother of Rome (Aeneadum genetrix) but also as the veritable mother of nature (Alma Venus), urging her to pacify her lover Mars and spare Rome from strife. To address issues of economics Philosophen und Epikureers Titus Lucretius Carus pauxillis esse seminibus. Several critical verses in the early 15th century uses Venus poetically as a bible for scientific! The relationship of Lucretius II: an Ethics of Motion motions and interactions of atoms! 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