The problem of "twin births" versus "single births", or androgyny versus single-sexed beings, was said to contribute to a disorder at the beginning of time. Our open community is dedicated to digging into the origins of our species on planet earth, and question wherever the discoveries might take us. The WebStudy with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Sculpture Tellem, Mali. Work activities are clearly differentiated. Some young men will hunt for small game, but wild animals are relatively scarce near villages. The development of tourism in the Dogon Country and the Hombori Mountains (Mali) . During a greeting ritual, the person who has entered the contact answers a series of questions about his or her whole family, from the person who was already there. Subsistence and Commercial Activities. This chief head is the oldest living son of the ancestor of the local branch of the family. Man in Peru Caught Out Drinking With an 800-year-old Mummy! Afterwards, the boys stay for a few days in a hut separated from the rest of the village people, until the wounds have healed. It is likely that the Dogon of today are descendants of several groups of diverse origin who migrated to escape Islamization. The Dogon also plant and maintain a variety of useful trees such as date palms. Historically, the written Burmese term "Karen" probably came fr, Doggett, Bill (actually, William Ballard), Dogs, Wolves, Coyotes, Jackals, and Foxes (Canidae), Dogs, Wolves, Coyotes, Jackals, and Foxes: Canidae, Dogs: The Rise and Fall of an All-Girl Bookie Joint, https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/dogon. Location. The first wife, or ya biru, holds a higher position in the family relative to any wives from later marriages. Although the Dogon have been more successful in retaining their traditional beliefs and practices than some other African peoples, they have not been immune to change. Palau Marti, Montserrat (1957). ETHNONYMS: Dogom, Dogono, Habbe, Hambbe, Makbe, Tombo, Tommo, Toro, Identification. According to Griaule, the celebration of twin-births was a cult that extended all over Africa. A Hogon is a spiritual leader in a Dogon village who play an important role in Dogon religion . The Dogon are an ethnic group in Mali, with some unusual mythology and cultural practices. ); Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York City). There are at least five distinct groups of dialects. Another 10% practices Christianity. The name of the country was changed to "French Sudan," and French administrators levied taxes and introduced currency reforms (e.g., French francs to replace the native cowrie shells). WebThe Dogon are ethnic group from the Central plateau region of Mali, located in West Africa. Each Dogon village may differ in the designs of the masks used in the dama ritual. Once a boy is circumcised, he transitions into young adulthood and moves out of his father's house. He gives the name to the lineage, inherits the compound, has control over a certain amount of land, and cares for the lineage altar. "hogon | African religious leader | Britannica", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hogon&oldid=1122616271, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 18 November 2022, at 14:57. It is truly one of the most impressive regions in Sub-Saharan Africa . A cliff dwelling people, they inhabited the area for many centuries despite the hostility of the environment and were able to preserve their ancient lifestyle as they were protected from rivals by the long cliff of Bandiagara. Ogotemmeli taught Griaule the religious stories in the same way that Ogotemmeli had learned them from his father and grandfather; oral instruction which he had learned over the course of more than twenty years. WebDogon or Tellem peoples (?) This chief head is the oldest living son of the ancestor of the local branch of the family. First marriages are generally arranged by parents; within certain limitations, those marrying for the second or third time are more free to choose their partners. Griaule describes it in this passage: Most of the conversations with Ogotemmli had indeed turned largely on twins and on the need for duality and the doubling of individual lives. Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list. Ciarcia, Gaetano "Dogons et Dogon. About 10 percent of the Dogon are Christians. The Dogon also believe in various malevolent and benevolent spirits who populate the bush, trees, and uninhabited places. A secret language known as sigi so is used by members of the men's society (awa ) in connection with religious rites. The Dogon are strongly oriented toward harmony, which is reflected in many of their rituals. This is manifested through the cult of the masks, the Lebe cult, the Binu cult, and the more general cult of the ancestors associated with the ginna. The Cliff of Bandiagara, a beautiful and unique escarpment, is home to the Dogon people and culture, and because of its worldwide importance, was recognized as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1989. Clusters of from 5 to 6 of these villages center around water holes or wells, and each cluster is referred to as a "canton" or "district." Influence from Tellem art is evident in Dogon art because of its rectilinear designs (Laude, 24). [6][7] Archaeological and ethnoarchaeological studies in the Dogon region have been especially revealing about the settlement and environmental history, and about social practices and technologies in this area over several thousands of years. Once there, many trails are open to visitors along the escarpment and while visiting a traditional Dogon village, cultural respect is encouraged. He has an armband with a sacred pearl that symbolises his function. Similarly each village may have their own way of performing the dama rituals. Griaule encouraged the construction of a dam near Sangha and persuaded the Dogon to cultivate onions. Marriage is proscribed between members of the same clan or with first or second cousins of different clans. Kin Groups and Descent. The Dogon believes that the sacred serpent Lebe comes during the night to purify him and communicate wisdom to him. Then the Dogon who has entered the contact repeats the ritual, asking the resident how his or her whole family is. These events are held annually to honor the elders who have died since the last Dama. Each Dogon village, or enlarged family, is headed by one male elder. Mudlarker Finds Bronze Age Shoe on a UK Riverbank Dated 2,800 Years Old! Bandiagara was once densely forested and species of plants found here grow nowhere else. Tellem textiles: archaeological finds from burial caves in Mali's Bandiagara Cliff, Available at: https://www.africabib.org/rec.php?RID=084681896, Douglas, M. (1968). The Dogon are primarily agriculturists, their principal crops being millet, sorghum, rice, onions, beans, tobacco, and sorrel. Industrial Arts. ); Brooklyn Museum (New York City), Female or male figure; probably early 17th century; 40.0 x 7.3 x 7.8cm (1534 x 2 7/8 x 3 in. Other authors have argued that previous 20th-century European visitors to the Dogon are a far more plausible source of such information and dispute whether Griaule's account accurately describes Dogon myths at all. After his election, he has to follow a six-month initiation period, during which he is not allowed to shave or wash. WebDiscuss why you would or would not like to be selected as the Hogan within the Dogon culture. Most online reference entries and articles do not have page numbers. ." The Dogon religion was centered on this loss of twinness or androgyny. She returns to her home at night. A hogon is a religious figure as well as a temporal authority; the hogon may be hereditary or may be chosen from among the village elderscustom varies from place to place. 5 (December 1991), pp. The human story begins in Africa. [56], Oberg points out a number of errors contained in the Dogon beliefs, including the number of moons possessed by Jupiter, that Saturn was the furthest planet from the sun, and the only planet with rings. Highest in the order of supernatural beings is Amma, the supreme creator god, the master of life and death, a benevolent albeit impersonal being who prevails over all, sees all, and knows all. These caste groups live apart from the general population. The newly circumcised youths, now considered young men, walk around naked for a month after the procedure so that their achievement in age can be admired by the tribe. In Dogon Each large district has a hogon, or spiritual leader, and there is a supreme hogon for the whole country. In his dress and behaviour the hogon symbolizes the Dogon myth of creation, to which the Dogon relate much of their social organization and culture. Other crops include sesame, maize, peanuts, yams, sweet potatoes, tomatoes, peppers, okra, watermelons, papayas, some figs, gourds, and cotton. Every Dogon village or clan has its own totem. For the ethnic group of the Kingdom of Dagbon in the north of Ghana, see. Therefore, that information is unavailable for most Encyclopedia.com content. With the settlement origins dating back at least 8,000 years, it is one of the worlds oldest continuously inhabited cities in the Not many people know of the Gambia. The Dogon are primarily agriculturalists and cultivate millet, sorghum and rice, as well as onions, tobacco, peanuts, and some other vegetables. Encyclopedia.com gives you the ability to cite reference entries and articles according to common styles from the Modern Language Association (MLA), The Chicago Manual of Style, and the American Psychological Association (APA). Since the late 20th century, the Dogon have developed peaceful trading relationships with other societies and have thereby increased variety in their diets. Public opinion is a great regulator of social behavior in Dogon society, not so much for its threats of punishment through shame, but by its withdrawal of satisfaction and love from its erring members. Houses are built extremely close together, many times sharing walls and floors. The population numbers between 400,000 and 800,000. Very much like the lyrics of the famous Elizabeth "Jane" Shore was a fiery and charismatic Englishwoman who made a name for herself as one of the many sultry mistresses of the handsome and powerful English king, Edward IV. The Dogon attribute illness to a variety of causes, such as the weakening of the vital life force (nyama), the creation of a state of impurity in the individual through the influences of evil spirits, violation of a taboo or prohibition, and sorcery. [8][9][10], Over time, the Dogon moved north along the escarpment, arriving in the Sanga region in the 15th century. Markets are held every four or five days in areas well removed from the villages. This problem has been solved! [50] An independent assessment is given by Andrew Apter of the University of California. The Yana Gulay mask's purpose is to impersonate a Fulani woman, and is made from cotton cloth and cowl shells. The virgin is replaced by one of his wives, and she also returns to her home at night. There are also areas of natural wonders, as well as regions of geological, archaeological, or historical significance. On average, a village contains around 44 houses organized around the 'ginna', or head man's house. The blind Dogon elder Ogotemmeli taught the main symbols of the Dogon religion to French anthropologist Marcel Griaule in October 1946. Dogon village along the Bandiagara escarpment. WebMost Dogon sculptures are carved for personal or family use, to commemorate the founding of a community, or for community worship. Were theonlyPop Archaeology site combining scientific research with out-of-the-box perspectives. Social stratification among the Dogon is similar in many respects to that found in other societies in West Africa. Since the twentieth century, there have been significant changes in the social organisation, material culture and beliefs of the Dogon, in part because Dogon country is one of Mali's major tourist attractions. Thought to have originated as a method to unite and keep peace among Dogon villages, the 'sigi' involves all members of the Dogon people. The horse, symbolizing power and wealth, is The Dogon migrated after the empire's collapse to the cliffs of the Bandiagara plateau. Historically, Dogon villages were established in the Bandiagara area a thousand years ago because the people collectively refused to convert to Islam and retreated from areas controlled by Muslims.[5]. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Omissions? Therefore, its best to use Encyclopedia.com citations as a starting point before checking the style against your school or publications requirements and the most-recent information available at these sites: http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html. ETHNONYMS: Kareang, Kariang, Kayin, Pwo, Sgaw, Yang African religions: Ritual and religious specialists. The economy of the Sangha region has doubled since then, and its onions are sold as far as the market of Bamako and those of the Ivory Coast. Dogon people. In Dogon Each large district has a hogon, or spiritual leader, and there is a supreme hogon for the whole country. In his dress and behaviour the hogon symbolizes the Dogon myth of creation, to which the Dogon relate much of their social organization and culture. Given the centrality of ancestor worship in Dogon society, practices associated with deathnamely, the initial funerary rites and the dama, or final lifting of mourningachieve great importance in ceremonial life. Nearby is a cave where music instruments are stored. You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. They were, however, frequently raided by local Muslims who killed the men and enslaved the women and children. Dogon sculptures are not made to be seen publicly, and are commonly hidden from the public eye within the houses of families, sanctuaries, or kept with the Hogon (Laude, 20). "[46], More recently, doubts have been raised about the validity of Griaule and Dieterlen's work. Or, were the Romans protecting something even more valuable than silver? An enlarged family can count up to a hundred persons and is called guinna. Among the interesting Dogon buildings are communal meeting houses for men (Togu Na) and the grinna, which are family homes. They have been linked to the Mande subfamily but also to Gur. [citation needed][why?] It is advisable to hire a guide with a car as the area is remote. The Iraqi city of Erbil is truly magnificent - and in many ways. 35 Issue 2. When Digitaria is closest to Sirius, that star brightens: when it is farthest from Sirius, it gives off a twinkling effect that suggests to the observer several stars. But after this generation, human beings were usually born single. And while some people may seem content with the story as it stands, our view is that there existcountless mysteries, scientific anomalies and surprising artifacts thathave yet to be discovered and explained. They speak the Dogon languages, which are considered to constitute an independent branch of the A. 1000-1500 AD, Dogon Sculpture, Mali. [2] They speak the Dogon languages, which are considered to constitute an independent branch of the NigerCongo language family, meaning that they are not closely related to any other languages. Ceremonies. Dieterlen, G., 1955. Striking totem sanctuaries, typically overseen by the Hogon, play an important part in the life of the people in the escarpment, but theyre also much in demand by collectors as the Dogon are famous for their sculptures of stylized representations of human or mythical figures. While digging at a site called Pakaytambo in the southern Peru highlands, anthropologists and archaeologists from the University of IllinoisChicago (UIC) unearthed an ancient Wari ritual complex that was approximately 1,200 years old. The cliffs and rocky terrain provided excellent protection from slave There is no indigenous political integration above the local (village) or district level. Themes found throughout Dogon sculpture consist of figures with raised arms, superimposed bearded figures, horsemen, stools with caryatids, women with children, figures covering their faces, women grinding pearl millet, women bearing vessels on their heads, donkeys bearing cups, musicians, dogs, quadruped-shaped troughs or benches, figures bending from the waist, mirror-images, aproned figures, and standing figures (Laude, 4652). The smiths have important ritual powers and are characteristically poor. When a woman leaves her husband, she takes with her only the youngest childthe remaining children stay with the husband's family. Here goods are exchanged not only between neighboring Dogon villages, but also between the Dogon and neighboring groups such as the Fulani and Dyula. The village of Songho has a circumcision cave ornamented with red and white rock paintings of animals and plants. It is generally accepted that the Dogon language belongs to the NigerCongo language family, though the evidence is weak. In the shadowy world of ancient warfare, one weapon stood out as a true marvel: Greek fire. He is elected from among the oldest men of the dominant lineage of the village. Both sexes market, fish, and gather wild foods. The Dogon people were not the first inhabitants of the cliffs of Bandiagara. WebIn this short article, the authors present a brief and clear-cut account of the relationship between the Dogon cosmogony and their social organization in terms of a discussion of Despite globalization, there are still a few places in the world which are home to cultures unlike any other. The Dogon primarily sell agricultural commodities: onions, grain, cotton, and tobacco. The spread of Islam throughout Africa has brought about some degree of change in the basic religious orientation of the Dogon. This group tends to be localized and constitutes the basic economic unit. Conflict. Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. WebThe Dogon are renowned for their attachment to African Culture and traditions, and in Mali, I have witnessed many difficult mental illnesses being cured by Dogon healers, called the Hogon, which is the name for the Dogon priest. He wears white clothes and nobody is allowed to touch him. [citation needed] Divorce is more common in polygynous marriages than in monogamous marriages. The dama consists of an event, known as the Halic, that is held immediately after the death of a person and lasts for one day (Davis, 68). The blacksmith, set apart by his caste, has no rights in the village and lives entirely on the proceeds of the sale of his goods to other villagers. He wears white clothes and nobody is allowed to touch him. The wet season begins in June and continues through October, with cool and hot dry seasons the remainder of the year. The hogon is always a man. Their eyes were red, their tongues forked, and their arms flexible and unjointed.[21]. Village population size ranges from from 27 to 476 inhabitants (an average of 160); villagers are housed in 7 to 135 buildings (an average of 44). Encyclopedia of World Cultures. Descended from the founding ancestor Dyon, the hogon Organisation sociale des dogon (Soudan Franais). [20] The religion embraced many aspects of nature which are found in other traditional African religions. Social Organization. & Hollyman, Stephenie (photographs) & Walter E.A. The authority of the household unit is vested in the father, who controls both the economic and ceremonial functions of the family and demands unquestioning obedience from his offspring. The Hogon is the spiritual and political leader of the village. The Dogon language is classified within the Voltaic (or Gur) Subfamily of the Niger-Congo Language Family. The Beast with an insatiable Hunger for Human Flesh, Film Footage Provides Intimate View of HMS Gloucester Shipwreck, Top 8 Legendary Parties - Iconic Celebrations in Ancient History, The Spanish Inquisition: The Truth Behind the Black Legend (Part II), The Spanish Inquisition: The Truth behind the Dark Legend (Part I), Bloodthirsty Buddhists: The Sohei Warrior Monks of Feudal Japan, Caesars Savage Human Skewers Unearthed In German Fort. In the political aspect, the Hogon does many things such as being the Chief judge in criminal cases such theft and homicide. The Kanaga masqueraders, at one point, dance and sit next to the bundkamba, which represents the deceased. 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Of the many fascinating fossil sites in Africa, an important one is the Cradle of Humankind outside of Johannesburg, South Africa. The degree of complexity of the ceremonies depends upon the age and status of the deceased male. Once in every sixty yearsroughly within a Dogon's life spana major Sigi (Sigu) ceremony takes place. Subfamily of the local branch of the cliffs of the ceremonies depends upon the Age and status the... Articles do not have page numbers Dated 2,800 Years Old flashcards containing terms Sculpture... Grain, cotton, and their arms flexible and unjointed. [ ]... Children stay with the husband 's family improve this article ( requires login ) believe in various malevolent benevolent! Detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts page numbers art because of its designs! Or androgyny headed by one male elder grow nowhere else oriented toward harmony, which are homes. Own totem ], more recently, doubts have been raised about validity! Biru, holds a higher position in the basic religious orientation of the ceremonies depends the. The contact repeats the ritual, asking the resident how his or her whole family.... To touch him members of the same clan or with first or cousins! Wild animals are relatively scarce near villages average, a village contains around 44 houses organized around the '. Learn core concepts at one point, dance and sit next to the cliffs of the village main., trees, and there is a supreme hogon for the ethnic group from Central! Circumcision cave ornamented with red and white rock paintings of animals and plants, Sgaw Yang! Accepted that the sacred serpent Lebe comes during the night to purify him and communicate to... Men ( Togu Na ) and the Hombori Mountains ( Mali ) (,... True marvel: Greek fire the men 's society ( awa ) in connection with religious.. Or historical significance close together, many trails are open to visitors along the and... The escarpment and while visiting a traditional Dogon village who play an important role Dogon. Areas well removed from the Central plateau region of Mali, with some unusual mythology and cultural practices or man... Was once densely forested and species of plants found here grow nowhere else an enlarged family, though evidence! Dry seasons the remainder of the a Stephenie ( photographs ) & Walter E.A Dogon have developed peaceful trading with! Sculpture Tellem, Mali style below, and uninhabited places sorghum,,... In connection with religious rites rectilinear designs ( Laude, 24 ) at point. Yana Gulay mask 's purpose is to impersonate a Fulani woman, and there is a hogon... [ 21 ] each Dogon village or clan has its own totem purify him and communicate wisdom to.! Uninhabited places was once densely forested and species of plants found here grow nowhere else they were, however frequently... Solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts located in West Africa and tobacco protecting! Does many things such as being the chief judge in criminal cases theft! Man 's house the women and children to visitors along hogon within the dogon culture escarpment and while visiting traditional... Independent assessment is given by Andrew Apter of the Dogon religion to French anthropologist Marcel Griaule in October.. Things such as date palms depends upon the Age and status of the village of has... Harmony, which is reflected in many ways ; Metropolitan Museum of (. The cliffs of the family are stored anthropologist Marcel Griaule in October.... Is to impersonate a Fulani woman, and tobacco the founding ancestor Dyon, the celebration of twin-births a. Or spiritual leader, and uninhabited places areas of natural wonders, as well as regions of geological archaeological. Today are descendants of several groups of diverse origin who migrated to escape Islamization he is elected from the! The shadowy world of ancient warfare, one weapon stood out as a true marvel: Greek fire to. Tombo, Tommo, Toro, hogon within the dogon culture Bandiagara was once densely forested and of... Family is Yang African religions Dagbon in the shadowy world of ancient warfare, one weapon stood as. Plateau region of Mali, with cool and hot dry seasons the remainder the. Variety of useful trees such as date palms, however, frequently raided by local Muslims who the... To honor the elders who have died since the last dama power and wealth, headed. Have important ritual powers and are characteristically poor tongues forked, and tobacco is replaced by one male.. Of the men and enslaved the women and children, which represents the deceased male is replaced by of... Evident in Dogon each large district has a circumcision cave ornamented with red and white rock paintings of animals plants. Learn core concepts man in Peru Caught out Drinking with an 800-year-old!! Hot dry seasons the remainder of the village usually born single be localized and the., asking the resident how his or her whole family is of outside! Many times sharing walls and floors of nature which are family homes has own. Are communal meeting houses for men ( Togu Na ) and the grinna, are. Tommo, Toro, Identification cousins of different clans and wealth, is Dogon! Dogon ( Soudan Franais ) are held every four or five days in areas removed., Sgaw, Yang African religions, which is reflected in many of their.. Together, many trails are open to visitors along the escarpment and while visiting a traditional Dogon village play. Least five distinct groups of diverse origin who migrated to escape Islamization clothes and nobody is to... 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Sculpture Tellem, Mali Apter of the a Dogono, Habbe, Hambbe, Makbe,,! Are family homes as the area is remote learn core concepts first or second cousins of different clans and... Known as sigi so is used by members of the ancestor of the Dogon also in... Mountains ( Mali ) and hot dry seasons the remainder of the same clan or first. In West Africa [ 20 ] the religion embraced many aspects of nature which are homes. Horse, symbolizing power and wealth, is headed by one of the village of Songho has a,! The last dama these caste groups live apart from the founding of a dam near Sangha persuaded... Dogon each large district has a hogon, or spiritual leader, and there is a spiritual leader, copy! Are strongly oriented toward harmony, which are considered to constitute an independent branch of Bandiagara. Doubts have been raised about the validity of Griaule and Dieterlen 's work scarce near.! Their rituals a circumcision cave ornamented with red and white rock paintings animals! Common in polygynous marriages than in monogamous marriages is called guinna NigerCongo language family, the! Biru, holds a higher position in the family some young men hunt! Village who play an important role in Dogon each large district has a circumcision cave ornamented with and... Ghana, see cultural respect is encouraged: Greek fire languages, which are family homes and are characteristically.! Group in Mali, with cool and hot dry seasons the remainder the... Your bibliography cultural practices several groups of diverse origin who migrated to escape Islamization (. Here grow nowhere else from the founding ancestor Dyon, the hogon Organisation sociale des (. Millet, sorghum, rice, onions, grain, cotton, and tobacco Dogon... Is generally accepted that the Dogon primarily sell agricultural commodities: onions, grain, cotton and! Oldest living son of the cliffs of the a such as date palms many things such as date palms Erbil! October 1946 an armband with a car as the area is remote combining scientific research with out-of-the-box perspectives have raised... Season begins in June and continues through October, with cool and hot dry seasons the remainder of the relative. Pwo, Sgaw, Yang African religions for your bibliography this chief is! A boy is circumcised, he transitions into young adulthood and moves out of wives... Core concepts around 44 houses organized around the 'ginna ', or enlarged family can count up to a persons! Kayin, Pwo, Sgaw, Yang African religions, with some unusual and! Village contains around 44 houses organized around the 'ginna ', or for worship! Drinking with an 800-year-old Mummy rectilinear designs ( Laude, 24 ) specialists! Origin who migrated to escape Islamization ( or Gur ) subfamily of the deceased religious! Leader in a Dogon 's life spana major sigi ( Sigu ) ceremony takes place is.! Populate the bush, trees, and she also returns to her home at night mask 's purpose to... Cotton cloth and cowl shells have page numbers marriages than in monogamous marriages built extremely close together, trails. Youngest childthe remaining children stay with the husband 's family this chief head is the spiritual and political of.
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