/CropBox [0 0 595 842] /StructParents 7 /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /StructParents 9 /Resources << The aim of OFSTED is to drive up standards. /CropBox [0 0 595 842] 9 0 obj >> /Type /Page /ExtGState << >> /OCProperties << >> 0000019248 00000 n /Properties << >> /StructParents 89 52 0 obj /Rotate 0 Grant-maintained status was created by the Education Reform Act 1988, as part of the programme of the Conservative government to create greater diversity in educational provision and to weaken the influence of local education authorities.. GM schools would be owned and managed by their own boards of school governors, rather than the local authority. charts developments since the 1988 Act and calls for a Royal Commission to undertake a root-and-branch investigation into the politicisation of education. /Type /Page /TT0 120 0 R >> /Resources << To learn about our use of cookies and how you can manage your cookie settings, please see our Cookie Policy. 3 0 obj /StructParents 20 /Font << >> >> 0000003223 00000 n << /StructParents 71 88 0 obj /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> /Contents 228 0 R endobj >> >> /TT0 120 0 R Not all students learn at the same pace or have the same skills mastered, particularly those with learning disabilities. /ExtGState << The Government aims to make schooling available to everyone with the help of NEP 2020. The 1988 Education reform act was one of the most notable and significantly developed legislation since the last radical regulation, the education act of 1944. . /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> << /Font << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> Get Revising is one of the trading names of The Student Room Group Ltd. Register Number: 04666380 (England and Wales), VAT No. /ExtGState << /StructParents 44 >> /Properties << /Type /Page /Rotate 0 /Parent 16 0 R >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Properties << /TT0 120 0 R /GS0 125 0 R /Dest [103 0 R /XYZ 0 751 null] >> /StructParents 37 /Contents 302 0 R >> >> endobj << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /TT1 226 0 R >> >> /Properties << /TT0 120 0 R << /Resources << /MC0 129 0 R /TT1 121 0 R /TT1 226 0 R /Resources << >> /TT0 120 0 R >> /Parent 12 0 R /Type /Page /Properties << >> >> /StructParents 38 >> /ExtGState << /Contents 255 0 R /Font << /MC0 129 0 R Stories of poor financial management, even corrupt practices, in the independent state school sector persist. << Barely 10% of its pupils achieved five good GCSEs and attendance was chronically low. /Properties << /TT0 120 0 R >> /MC0 129 0 R /MC0 129 0 R 79 0 obj << >> /GS0 125 0 R The New Right: Underlying Principles. /GS0 125 0 R /CreationDate (D:20040616154025+03'00') >> >> /Resources << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> /ExtGState << /Font << >> /MC0 129 0 R /Properties << /Parent 19 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] 114 0 obj >> /Prev 308 0 R /TT1 121 0 R >> /MC0 129 0 R >> /MC0 129 0 R /Font << /TT0 120 0 R /ExtGState << /Rotate 0 /Parent 13 0 R /TT0 120 0 R /Type /Page 50 0 obj There were no league tables, no Ofsted, no academies or free schools. %PDF-1.3 % /Parent 3 0 R 7 0 obj >> /Contents 276 0 R /Properties << It has stirred up heated responses from supporters of both sides in mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau, Taiwan, and among overseas Chinese communities with its implications of political ideology and cultural identity. /Rotate 0 /Contents 277 0 R The idea is particularly associated with policies inspired by the New Right and with the Education Reform . /TT2 226 0 R /GS0 125 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /C2_0 292 0 R >> /TT0 120 0 R 91 0 obj /ExtGState << /Type /Page The tripartite system, for example, introduced secondary schooling for all students in 1944. /Properties << /TT3 121 0 R /Properties << Because so many people do not have an education, when they get older, it is damaging their life and the world as a whole. /TT0 120 0 R Teachers must present materials in different ways so that all of the students with different learning styles can understand the material. /TT1 226 0 R /Parent 13 0 R /Resources << However, an important point to keep in mind is that correlation doesnt necessarily mean causation GCSE results may have improved over the last 30 years WITHOUT marketisation policies. /Resources << >> /Count 2 /Count 10 /CropBox [0 0 595 842] << In the U.S. healthcare system, medical professionals are not employed by the government.Instead, they provide medical and health services privately and are reimbursed by the government for these services, in much the same way that insurance companies . << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Font << /ExtGState << /ExtGState << << /Resources << /Producer (Acrobat Distiller 6.0 \(Windows\)) /MC0 129 0 R /Title /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Rotate 0 /StructParents 3 /TT0 120 0 R /Rotate 0 /MC0 129 0 R /GS0 125 0 R /Contents 270 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /TT1 226 0 R Open Enrolment is where parents are allowed to select multiple schools to send their children too, but only specifying one as their first choice. Increased trade: NAFTA more than tripled trade between Canada, Mexico, and the United States after it was enacted. /Contents 266 0 R >> because classrooms contain students of all abilities, brighter pupils are held-back as the weaker learners catch-up, a problem critics says grammar schools don't have. >> >> >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] << Many of the features of today's education system - from academies to league tables - have their origins in the 1988 Education Reform Act. << << /Contents 224 0 R /TT0 120 0 R >> /Contents 248 0 R /MC0 129 0 R >> /MC0 129 0 R endobj 63 0 obj /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> Parent choice is here to stay, but the current lull in domestic policy could provide an opportunity for reflection on what has worked in the past 30 years and what could change in the future. /Font << /Font << endobj /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Properties << /Resources << /Resources << >> >> >> From 1988 funding to individual schools was based on how many pupils enrolled in that school. 103 0 obj The idea behind league tables was to allow parents to easily assess which schools in their local areas are the best. /Resources << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] love it! /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /MC0 129 0 R /Properties << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /CropBox [0 0 595 842] Source: DAR Studies find that benefits such as improved . >> << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Properties << 0000001551 00000 n endobj Information in this post was derived from a selection of the main A-level sociology text books. /Rotate 0 /ExtGState << /Rotate 0 The debate on traditional Chinese characters and simplified Chinese characters is an ongoing dispute concerning Chinese orthography among users of Chinese characters. >> >> endobj /Properties << Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab. Situated in one of the most deprived parts of the country, it was propelled into the national headlines when the former cabinet minister and local parent Oliver Letwin proclaimed at a Tory party conference fringe meeting that he would rather beg on the streets than send his children to the school closest to where he lived. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Type /Page The government stipulated some criteria (children with siblings already at the school got preference for example, and those closest to the school also got preference) but eventually the government allowed some schools to become specialist schools where they were allowed to select 10% of their intake due to aptitude in a particular subject maths, music or sport for example. Disadvantages. /Properties << endobj Poverty Reduction. << 0000002452 00000 n Phillips, who seriously considered academy conversion for his school but decided to stay within Lambeth local authority, believes the innovative instincts behind the early academies have evaporated in the rush for mass academisation. << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Contents 283 0 R /TT1 121 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> /ExtGState << /Type /Page /TT0 120 0 R /TT1 121 0 R In general the schools with more middle class students have better results. /Count 10 >> /TT1 121 0 R 41 0 obj >> For instance, public policy decisions can be made by looking at decreasing state-administered tests in public schools if deficiencies in a particular subject are patent. >> >> /Resources << /Contents 256 0 R /MC0 129 0 R >> Better local oversight of schools and stronger incentives for local collaboration, rather than national chains cherry picking little groups of schools, would be Phillips priorities. >> endobj /Rotate 0 >> >> /ExtGState << /TT0 120 0 R /Font << >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] Lowering taxation and reducing government spending. Students will usually move on to study New Labors Education policies after this one. endobj /ExtGState << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Contents 250 0 R /Contents 259 0 R /Type /Page >> >> >> /TT0 120 0 R 93 0 obj /Properties << >> /Resources << /Order [] /Rotate 0 /Properties << /TT2 159 0 R endobj 45 0 obj /Properties << /TT1 226 0 R >> /Contents 305 0 R >> /GS0 125 0 R /Resources << /TT2 226 0 R However, the disadvantages would also have to be taken into consideration as it is still unfair for the working class families, there are many aspect which contribute to this . School vouchers give families a greater level of flexibility. 0000010683 00000 n >> /Resources << 57 0 obj >> << /Count 10 /Type /Page /TT1 231 0 R /ExtGState << /MC0 129 0 R << >> /MC0 129 0 R /Type /Page It would be premature to make judgements about the advantages and disadvantages of introducing neoliberal practices into education without giving serious consideration to the perceived benefits of this approach. /Parent 17 0 R /Type /Page /Type /Page >> /Font << >> >> << << >> >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Font << >> /TT2 159 0 R /Rotate 0 /MC0 129 0 R /Rotate 0 >> /TT0 120 0 R >> >> /Contents 282 0 R endobj /ExtGState << endobj /Font << /TT0 120 0 R The antics at the Durand Academy, relieved of its funding agreement by the Department for Education, have been well documented and watched closely by neighbouring schools such as like LIlian Baylis. /ExtGState << In addition, locally determined /TT2 226 0 R >> List of the Pros of Federal Involvement in Education. As a result, the basic structure of our standing education system was instituted. >> 0000001418 00000 n /Contents 263 0 R >> /Rotate 0 The head, Gary Phillips, has turned the school around. The Education Reform Act, 1988, has been greeted as an ill wind by many sections of the educational establishment. /Contents 219 0 R /TT2 121 0 R /Parent 10 0 R /MC0 129 0 R He is more guarded about the overall success of the market experiment: I would give it six out of 10. /CropBox [0 0 595 842] endobj /Parent 16 0 R << OFSTED Raised standard because a poor inspection could result in new management being imposed on underperforming schools. /Annots [132 0 R 133 0 R 134 0 R 135 0 R 136 0 R 137 0 R 138 0 R 139 0 R 140 0 R 141 0 R /MC0 129 0 R /Properties << But performance measures (such as the new Progress 8) have now become impenetrable to most parents so may not even be helpful for exercising choice. /TT0 120 0 R /PageElement << /TT1 226 0 R /Subtype /XML >> /TT1 226 0 R /TT1 159 0 R /Type /Page >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Properties << /MC0 129 0 R /MC0 129 0 R /Contents 306 0 R >> endobj /StructParents 50 /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] The New Right believed that state schools should also be run like this except that it is the government that funds the schools, not the fee-paying parents. /TT1 121 0 R << /GS0 125 0 R /Parent 13 0 R << >> endobj /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Type /Page endobj /Parent 11 0 R /StructParents 13 Government healthcare refers to government funding of healthcare services via direct payments to doctors, hospitals, and other providers. /MC0 129 0 R 0 /Parent 17 0 R /TT0 120 0 R /Rotate 0 /TT2 121 0 R /Rotate 0 Free schools are all-ability state-funded schools set up in response to what local people say they want and need in order to improve education for children in their community. /MC0 129 0 R /Properties << /Properties << /StructParents 62 /Type /Page 27 0 obj /TT1 121 0 R /Parent 11 0 R >> >> >> 23 0 obj /StructParents 60 /ExtGState << /Type /Page /Kids [22 0 R 23 0 R 24 0 R 25 0 R 26 0 R 27 0 R 28 0 R 29 0 R 30 0 R 31 0 R] /MarkedPDF << Even so it has hardly proved an ill wind for publishers and, among others, for beleaguered academics anxious to improve their publication ratings in time for the next research review. >> endobj /GS0 125 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Resources << /Rotate 0 Gerbil - the great education reform bill, as it was known before . 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