First described in 1988 1, the number needed to treat (NNT) can be thought of as the number of patients that need to be treated in order for one to benefit.It provides an attractive means of summarising the results of a clinical trial in a single figure, because . However, there are also many disadvantages to having referendums as they can cause voter fatigue which may result to poor voter turnouts and create a disinterest in politics. Copyright Get Revising 2023 all rights reserved. The theoretical advantage of flexibility is one that is too easily exploited for self-serving reasons. Constitutional changes - it is appropriate that constitutional changes be approved by public referendum, as they affect the way the country is governed, so are more important than ordinary laws. A referendum helps to make decisions legitimate and confirms the principle of government by consent. Investigating any wrongdoing relating to the referendum. (19 Mar 2014), Formula for the number of Members of Parliament? 5. Give us your email address and well send this sample there. It is worth noting that in terms of overall population that only 37% of the UK adult population actually voted for Brexit. The Scots referendum saw high levels of engagement in complex economic and constitutional issues. Get Revising is one of the trading names of The Student Room Group Ltd. Register Number: 04666380 (England and Wales), VAT No. This makes them especially vulnerable to producing decisions based on false information and/or unrealistic beliefs about what alternatives are possible - often stoked by opportunistic actors within the political system. View Do the advantages of referendums outweigh the disadvantages from MC 527 at Jackson State University. Unlike General Elections, referendums allow political parties and voters to focus entirely on a single issue. A good example of this is the Scottish Independence Referendum of 2014. This was more than a protest against the career opportunities that never knock and the affordable homes that never get built. The question in a referendum is therefore really important. They are an example of direct democracy and contrast with the representative democracy that usually dominates politics in liberal democracies. Referendums spread power. 5. 806 8067 22 The legislative refers the question to the electorate. Subsequently, when Brexit was not immediately forthcoming, led to allegations that Parliament had betrayed the people. Why is the Brexit Referendum a good case study of some of the issues with Referendums? This gives the final verdict a greater mandate than that received as the result of a General Election. There was a political imperative for this as if the Government had planned for a leave vote it would have been portrayed that they did not think they could win. Referendums are used frequently in the UK. It says the cost of meeting the 60% carbon reduction goal, based on estimates from models of the energy system and economy, amount to between 0.3% and 1.5% of GDP, or in the range of 1.6bn to 12bn per year. To install StudyMoose App tap "No" voters in 2014 who feared that Scotland might find itself outside the EU - even temporarily - might view the economic risks and opportunities . Referendums provide constitutional changes that need the peoples assent. List of the Pros of Referendums. We are driving innovation with industry and manufacturing partners to transform industries and deliver growth to our economies, thereby helping to improve peoples livelihoods. In fact, the Government had already tried to use a Referendum in 1973 to settle the Irish issue but it was boycotted by Republicans as they did not feel the settlement it addressed their issues. The ultimate role of the whole population in deciding whether the deal sticks can be important in prodding elites, otherwise comfortable and secure in their factional power, to do the harder work of engaging with the bigger political picture. Advantages and disadvantages of the referendum instrument, Electoral Systems, Institutional Framework & Governance, Making Elections Accessible and Meaningful, Facilitating Stable and Efficient Government, Holding Individual Representatives Accountable, Promoting Legislative Opposition and Oversight, Making the Election Process Workable and Sustainable, Taking into Account 'International Standards'. Constitutional issues. Political division in both the UK and Colombia has been markedly intensified by the 2016 campaigns there. Referendums allow for an individual issue to be addressed not as a broader part of party policies, but on the merits and drawbacks of it. It is entirely at the discretion of the government as to whether or not to hold a referendum. 1. On the other hand, there are two very stark downsides to choosing a referendum as the way to resolve an issue. Referendums can be advisory (where the government does not have to implement the result), or binding (where the government is compelled to enact the result). Several arguments are advanced in support of and in opposition to referendums. Some did so, others could not. Depending on the precise rules adopted, referendums and initiatives GCSE Renewable Energy Sources (1) 4.3 Power from the sun and earth. The turnout was below that required to make the result legally valid, but the government made it clear it would be taking the result as a mandate for action nevertheless. Psephology The study of the statistics and probabilities surrounding elections. Advantages of referendums. . The main policy of the SNP is a call for an independent Scotland. 4. Advantages. Many people felt that their voices were heard where they had not been before. For example, British voters were given a choice in 2016 on whether to stay in or leave the European Union. Secondary Legislation Legislation that is delegated to Ministers or another body. Referendums allow the people to participate in politics. The older term for a referendum is a PLEBISCITE . On 23 June 2016, the UK electorate voted to leave the European Union. Furthermore, if referendums are placed too often, 'voter fatigue' may occur. Political deals. Students looking for free, top-notch essay and term paper samples on various topics. 806 8067 22 A REFERENDUM is where the electorate vote on a specific question, or questions. The Tyranny of the Majority refers to a situation in which the winning side can claim all of the authority. The chaos seen after the Brexit Referendum result can in part be attributed to the failure to adequately plan for both potential scenarios. Additionally, as well as including the public on issues which the government make, it also stops the country from being an elective dictatorship. Referendums provide the peoples opinion. Government plans to build a network of 10 freeports after the end of the Brexit transition period are unlikely to have any material impact on the UK economy because duty savings are so small as to . Different people have different personal definitions. . This would create a de facto advisory referendum in Scotland, although completely unofficially. Third, a referendum may be useful to ensure a broad base of political support for a controversial decision, and lock in a choice that will necessitate riding out unpopular consequences during the implementation. Because referendums are often held on complex issues, it is easy for populism to take hold. An example of a one being used for this function is the 1998 referendum which was utilized to identify whether Blair and the Labour Party should devolve power to Scotland, Wales, and . One advantage of using referendums in the UK is that they enable the public that are over 18 to approve or disprove important . (It should be noted that this fact should be treated some caution, and this is a worthwhile read on the issue PolitiFact | Whats missing from media claims linking Google Trends to Brexit vote). In fact, until 1975 there had not been a single nationwide referendum on any political issue. The only real advantage in an uncodified constitution is that it avoids all the problems involved in achieving a codified one. Referenda can unite a divided party. (25 Marks) A referendum (sometimes referred to as a plebiscite). The Scottish referendum can be seen to have benefited David Cameron as Gordon Brown promised to give Scotland and its own parliament and powers if they voted no, increasing the pressure on Ed Miliband to come through with those promises. Good examples of this are the Scottish Independence Referendum in 2014 and the EU Referendum in 2016. On one hand, you have SEO's more organic approach, where you gradually cultivate an audience, strengthen trust, and build your brand awareness. They have to weigh up a number of competing issues, all of which will be of differing levels of importance to different to voters. Copyright Get Revising 2023 all rights reserved. These topic pages provide a quick overview and easy access to all content that can be found on ACE for any give topic of interest - weather encyclopaedia files, electoral materials, comparative data, consolidated replies, case studies, or other. Referendums are a direct vote by citizens on a political issue. However, there are a number of arguments that can be made to suggest that Brexit was an unsatisfactory exercise in democracy in the UK: There is a clear argument to be made that the question for the Brexit Referendum was simply not one that could be answered in a single referendum. Referendums have traditionally been a rarity in the UK. The second downside is that referendum campaigns themselves can be savagely divisive, especially when the prospect of a narrow victory tempts campaigners to use every argument at their disposal. Brexit is now a moral issue, and the next few weeks will test our moral resolve. This, therefore, gives the decision taken more legitimacy. 5. It highlighted some advantages and disadvantages of putting decisions directly in the hands of citizens. Political education - by widening debate on an issue, referendums create a better educated electorate, who have a stronger incentive to think and act politically. A good example of this is the referendum on the Good Friday Agreement that ended the Troubles on Northern Ireland and set up the power-sharing agreement between nationalist and republican communities. I know what happens when an industry closes the unemployment, the poverty, the loss of hope, the years it takes to get back on your feet, the grievances that still play out today. Tyranny of the Majority A situation in which power over a decision is given solely to the group in the majority. On Thursday 23 June 2016 a referendum was held in order to come to a decision if the UK should remain a member of EU and more than 30 million people have voted. (10 Apr 2012), Paramount chieftaincy as a system of local government Seats where one party regularly scores more than 50 per cent of the vote (210 seats . Citizens are protected from an over-powerful government. Second, many technology firms rely on inventors from all . Referendums are the purest form of democracy as it is entirely up to the people to decide. Referendum A general vote by the population on a single issue. Scotland's economy will be worse off. The UK formally left the EU on 31 December 2020. 2. Weakens parliament - referendums undermine parliamentary sovereignty, and are decisions that are not made on the basis of deliberation and debate. This therefore suggests that referendums allow the public to have more power, as there is only a general election every five years. (2016, May 11). There is also an argument that governments need a specific popular mandate for any transcendental changes that were not part of the original platform on which they campaigned. At elections, voters elected representatives to take difficult decisions on their behalf. The concept applies mainly to political divisions (political parties) among voters.The essence of such systems is that all votes cast - or almost all votes cast - contribute to the result and are effectively used to help elect someone . . Referendums are overall a good tool for democracy, as they make constitutional decisions more legitimate and provide a check on government power, however they are vulnerable to ill-informed votes and may be an inadequate method of approving constitutional changes that will have a very large impact. This is unsurprising, as they tend to be on significant issues. Scottish Devolution 1997 means that it would be extremely hard for a future government to remove their power. Devolution in Scotland and Wales was presented in 1998 as the bulk of the general public voted yes in regards to wanting more power. (22 Aug 2013), Comparative examples of electoral procedures and legislation considering the customary laws of indigenous communities In democracy it is generally seen that the ministers become corrupt and they favour their relatives and friends. Representative Democracy Democracy in which power over decision making is given to elected representatives. However, there was little discussion on what leaving would mean and how Britain might leave the EU. However, since the Maastricht Treaty in 1992 the Conservative Party had been deeply divided by the issue of the European Union. Why is the wording of the question so important in a referendum? (10 Jul 2012), Advantages and disadvantages of sub-municipal wards By necessity, referendums simplify incredibly complex issues. For example, the Westminster Government under Boris Johnson have pledged to prevent a Second Scottish Independence Referendum despite the widespread support for SNP. Schools helped with balanced political education over issue allowing them to be more informed. As a result of the legitimacy that a direct vote bestows, they can have an enormous impact in settling controversial issues. Brexit is the abbreviation of "Britain Exit," which refers to the decision of the United Kingdom to leave the European Union. Cost. The UK's decision to leave the EU has left everyone wondering how it will affect people associated with business. This suggests that referendums are not always a true representation of what the public wants an outcome to be. Appointing the official campaign groups for each side of the debate. Second, in the cases of difficult negotiations over a peace settlement in societies afflicted by years of civil conflict, the prospect of a popular vote on the final deal concentrates the minds of those negotiating on coming up proposals that can be politically sustained. Once the UK landscape had settled, the focus shifted to the risks and opportunities facing the nation. Is a vote in which the electorate can express a view on a particular issue of public policy. Referendums can settle long-standing and controversial issues once and for all. This is a disadvantage as this caused upset among many people in Scotland and the decision did not seem fair or an accurate representation of what the people wanted. If Brexit goes ahead, grievances in communities will worsen, so I say to Labour colleagues: we did not get elected to make our constituents poorer and you know thats what Brexit will do. RETRACTED Reproduced by permission of International IDEA from Electoral System Design: The New International IDEA Handbook 2005 International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance The electronic version of this publication is made available under a Creative Commons Attribute-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0) licence.
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